Syed Mustafa Ahmed
After the abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu Kashmir, many changes are visibly felt on the ground.
These changes are seen even in the educational sector, particularly in the textbooks of History and Political Science. In Class 9th History book, the chapter “ The integration of Princely States: A Case Study of Jammu Kashmir” has been added this year. It deals with the integration of Jammu Kashmir with India. However, some information is incomplete, misrepresented and projects propaganda that contradicts history, which I am going to try to counter in this article.
Firstly, the Standstill Agreement of Jammu and Kashmir was with both India and Pakistan. Pakistan signed the Standstill on August 12, 1947 but India didn’t sign it. India wanted to send an official from Jammu and Kashmir to Delhi to clarify some things. But the reality is something different.
Hassan Zainagiri in his book “Kashmir Aatish-e-Zairpaa” says that India approached Maharaja Hari Singh more than twice before the signing of the Instrument of Accession. Furthermore, Alastair Lamb in his book “Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy 1846-1990” says that in case of Punjab and its districts like Gurdaspur, manipulation took place.
Three tehsils of Gurdaspur with the Muslim-majority tehsils like Batala and Gurdaspur were given to India, opposing the Partition Plan. The Partition Plan sought to merge the Muslim-majority areas with Pakistan on the basis of religion and geographical proximity. The Punjab Plan divided the Punjab into the East Punjab and the West Punjab.
The East Punjab was given to India and the West Punjab was given to Pakistan. The Communal riots began and many people were killed in this frenzy. It was the diplomacy of Nehru, Mountbatten, Mehr Chand Mahajan, Sardar Patel, etc. that made it possible.
The second clarification is about the infiltration from Pakistan. Christopher Snedden in his book “Kashmir: The Unwritten History” says that the infiltration from Pakistan was a local uprising. Nehru and Sardar Patel were aware about it. It was a sort of conspiracy to grab Jammu Kashmir.
Alastair Lamb in the book says that when the Indian Forces landed in Jammu and Kashmir on 27 October, 1947, they were amazed to see the Patiala Forces already guarding Srinagar.
The Sikh Maharaja of the Punjab had already acceded to India in the early 1947. Here, the point of importance is that if the Patiala Forces were legal in helping the Indian Forces, in the same manner, the Pashtun tribals came to help their Muslim brethren in Jammu and Kashmir when in Poonch, many Muslims had been killed mercilessly. It is said that Hari Singh ordered his troops to kill the Muslims in Poonch.
Moreover, the Patiala Forces violated the international laws by intruding into an independent state of Jammu and Kashmir at that time. Shabnam Qayoom in his book “Kashmir Accession: a Farce” says that the Instrument of Accession was a drama, enacted to enslave Jammu Kashmir. The Pashtun tribals were a part of that very drama.
Third and the last clarification is that the Instrument of Accession took place on 27 October, 1947 instead on 26 October, 1947 as being told by Shabnam Qayoom. Alastair Lamb in this regard says that Accession papers were not genuine. India has not produced them in any international forum yet.
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It is also being said that when India took the dispute of Jammu Kashmir to the UNO, no Instrument of Accession papers were attached.
History should be present in an unbiased manner to all, particularly the students.
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In Jammu Kashmir, after the incident of August 5, 2019, the students have been asking about the history of Jammu Kashmir. They want to know about Article 370 and 35A, the parallel groups other than those who are distorting our history need to write and speak of the Constituent Assembly and the Legislative Assembly.
History should be presented to our future generations to make them know, not to make them something other than humans.
The Views Expressed by the author are his own